carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms in babies

#Carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms in babies portable
#Carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms in babies series

Additional retrospective cohort studies showed an association between CO poisoning and the occurrence of severe cardiovascular events (AHR 2.00 95% CI or AHR 1.83 95% CI ) ( 15, 16). Age at the time of intoxication was an independent predictor of long-term mortality (AHR 1.2 for every additional five years in age 95% CI P<0.001) ( 14). In the prospective study of the same collective, 32 out of these 85 patients with myocardial involvement died during the median follow-up period of 7.6 years, whereas in the group without myocardial involvement only 22 of 145 patients died (adjusted hazard ratio 2.1 95% CI P=0.009). A retrospective study including 230 patients with CO poisoning described in 37% of cases raised cardiac biomarkers or changes on the electrocardiogram ( 13). Patients with pre-existing coronary heart disease are exposed to a greater risk for myocardial infarction and arrhythmias ( e18). Since long-term damage can manifest after an initially symptom-free interval ranging from days to weeks ( 9, 12) after the initial intoxication, a high estimated number of unreported cases has to be assumed ( e17). The severity of the initial intoxication did not necessarily correspond with the development of neuronal long term damage ( e15, e16). Changes in subcortical structures and the pallidum, as well as hippocampal atrophy, have been observed ( e12– e14). In the long term, neurological injuries will manifest-for example, ataxias, dementia, concentration deficits, or abnormal behavior ( 2, 9– 11, e11). Detecting chronic poisoning with mild symptoms is often problematic ( e8, e9), since the symptoms resemble those of influenza ( e10). They depend on the concentration and duration of exposure ( 7, 8). The clinical symptoms of acute carbon monoxide intoxication range from headache and dizziness to loss of orientation, symptoms of cardiac angina, loss of consciousness, and death.

#Carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms in babies series

Fatality depends on exposure times to CO and its concentrations and is crucially affected by the toxicity of further gases involved (comparative case series ). In 2015, 648 patients died as a result of CO poisoning (0.8 deaths/100 000 population) ( etable). In the USA, the total number of deaths due to CO poisoning fell between 19 (from 1967 cases to 1319 cases) ( e5), whereas in Germany, numbers have steadily risen in recent years. For Germany, the only available data are those from the German Federal Statistical Office, for inpatients and deaths with a diagnosis of CO intoxication (T58 in ICD-10) ( e4).

Treatment for accidental carbon monoxide poisoning costs the US healthcare system some $1.3 billion every year ( e3). In the USA, 20 000–50 000 cases of carbon monoxide poisoning occur every year ( 2).

#Carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms in babies portable

Relevant alerting key words and the use of portable CO meters are intended to raise awareness in rescue personnel. In addition to fires, defect gas boilers, or wood pellet storage facilities, the risk of poisoning as a result of smoking hookah has become a focus in recent years ( 1, e2). It develops in incomplete combustion processes of substances containing carbon ( e1). Alternative or supplementary pharmacological treatments now exist only on an experimental basis.Ĭarbon monoxide (CO) at low concentrations is an odorless and colorless gas with a molecular weight that is similar to that of air. The state of the evidence on the diagnosis and treatment of this condition is not entirely clear. Smoke intoxication must be considered in the differential diagnosis. Therapeutic decision-making is directed toward the avoidance of sequelae such as cognitive dysfunction and cardiac complications, and the reduction of mortality. At present, there is no general recommendation for HBOT, in view of the heterogeneous state of the evidence from multiple trials. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) should be critically considered and initiated within six hours in patients with neurologic deficits, unconsciousness, cardiac ischemia, pregnancy, and/or a very high COHb concentration. In patients with severe carbon monoxide poisoning, an ECG should be obtained and biomarkers for cardiac ischemia should be measured. In case of CO poisoning, the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, impairment of the cellular respiratory chain, and immune-modulating processes can lead to tissue injury in the myocardium and brain even after lowering of the carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) concentration. The initiation of 100% oxygen breathing as early as possible is the most important treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning.